Land improvement and Gleysol’s properties [articol]

Abstract

Most of the world’s soils have moderate to severe production limitations resulting from their inherent properties (salinity, water excess, acidity, erosion, etc.). In most soils the upper horizons of the soil are lower and relatively impermeable and soil becomes saturated. In this event, there will be a lateral flow of soil water in the upper layers that will find its way into the surface drainage system. The capillary fringe lies above the zone of saturation up to the surface of the soil. Fluctuating water tables creates alternating aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Because Ca(HCO₃)₂ is soluble can be leached out of the soil and Fe²⁺ ions are accumulated and a hardpan of iron oxide may build up and create acidity and an impervious layer. The overall process is termed ferrolysis. For this reasons, in order to use Gleysols as arable field, it is necessary to install a drainage system to lower the groundwater table and a complex soil ameliorative measures. For an efficient research in order to reclaims these soils, was installed an experimental field with various meliorative methods. Regarding the yielding water, the largest quantities of water were determined at variants V1.3 and V1.5, and the low ones at V1.6. Intake rate values are, however, lower at 5 m from the drain line, although higher than the blank. For the depth of 50 cm, the highest values are available for V1.3. The best results were obtained in the variants where the leveling+ loft + tubular drainage were associated with ceramic tubes (V1.3), glass wool (V1.4) and ballast (V1.5). The worst results were recorded in version V1.6, where wheat straw was used around the drain.