Soil resources [articol]

Abstract

In accordance with W.R.B – 2014 ,,soil is any material within 2 m of the Earth’s surface that is in contact with the atmosphere, excluding living organisms, areas with continuous ice not covered by other material, and water bodies deeper than 2 m. Soils classification in the last international system, WRB – SR (World Reference Base for Soil Resources), ST, Referentiel Pedologique is based on diagnostic features produced by pedogenetic processes. Soil has always been a basic resource for sustaining human populations. Soils served as the planting medium and also provided material for building earthen architectural structures. The evolution of agriculture has a strong imprint on the land in many regions. The vegetation, slopes, valleys, and soil cover were radically altered. The research is based on the soil survey and site evaluation, realized in the last 30 years. From the list of Reference Soil Group, it can be seen that there are 32 Soil Groups with a total area of 150205 billion ha. Maximum fertility occurs in Chernozem (table 2), Kastanozem and Phaeozem, but we can add also Fluvisols, with a total area of 1,115 billion ha. Is necessary to underlining that these soils must be irrigate in droughty years. In accordance with the Romanian Taxonomic Soil System, there are 29 soil types, which occupied 23.660 mill.ha. The best types of soils are distributed on 24.3 % from Romanian area. In the west of Romania Chernozems and Phaeozems occupy 24.08%. In the present, soil degradation and pollution is a great problem for humanity, because 1.965 billion ha are degraded.